- jar
Usage: jar {ctxui}[vfmn0Me] [jar-file] [manifest-file]
[entry-point] [-C dir] files ...
Options:
-c create new archive
-t list table of contents for archive
-x extract named (or all) files from archive
-u update existing archive
-v generate verbose output on standard output
-f specify archive file name
-m include manifest information from specified
manifest file
-n perform Pack200 normalization after
creating a new archive
-e specify application entry point for
stand-alone application
bundled into an executable jar file
-0 store only; use no ZIP compression
-M do not create a manifest file for the
entries
-i generate index information for the specified
jar files
-C change to the specified directory and
include the following file
If any file is a directory then it is processed recursively.
The manifest file name, the archive file name and the entry point
name are
specified in the same order as the 'm', 'f' and 'e' flags.
Example 1: to archive two class files into an archive called
classes.jar:
jar cvf classes.jar Foo.class
Bar.class
Example 2: use an existing manifest file 'mymanifest' and archive
all the files in the foo/ directory into 'classes.jar':
jar cvfm classes.jar mymanifest -C foo/
.
Example 3: to extract test.jar
jar xf classes.jar
Example 4: to extract test.jar with verbose
- grep
Grep searches the named input FILEs (or standard input if no
files are
named, or the file name - is given) for
lines containing a match to the
given PATTERN. By default, grep
prints the matching lines.
In addition, two variant programs egrep
and fgrep are available. Egrep
is the same as grep -E. Fgrep is the same as grep -F.
Example 1: searches the file fruitlist.txt for lines
containing the text string apple
grep apple fruitlist.txt
Example 2: searches all txt files at given directory for for text
string apple
grep apple *.txt
Example 3:prints all lines in the file that begin with the letter
a, followed by any one character, followed by the letter sequence ple.
grep ^a.ple fruitlist.txt
Example 4: prints Lines only containing exactly and
solely apple
$ cat fruitlist.txt
apple
apples
pineapple
apple-
apple-fruit
fruit-apple
$ grep -x apple
fruitlist.txt
apple
Example 5: prints all lines that do not contain apple
$ grep -v apple
fruitlist.txt
banana
pear
peach
orange
- unzip
Usage: unzip [-Z] [-opts[modifiers]] file[.zip] [list] [-x xlist]
[-d exdir]
Default action is to extract files in list, except
those in xlist, to exdir;
file[.zip] may be a wildcard. -Z =>
ZipInfo mode ("unzip -Z" for usage).
-p extract files to pipe, no messages
-l list files (short format)
-f freshen existing files, create
none -t test compressed archive data
-u update files, create if necessary
-z display archive comment
-x exclude files that follow (in xlist) -d extract
files into exdir
modifiers:
-q quiet
mode (-qq => quieter)
-n never overwrite existing files
-a auto-convert any text files
-o overwrite files WITHOUT prompting
-aa treat ALL files as text
-j junk paths (do not make directories) -v be
verbose/print version info
-C match filenames case-insensitively
-L make (some) names lowercase
-X restore UID/GID info
-V retain VMS
version numbers
-K keep setuid/setgid/tacky permissions -M pipe
through "more" pager
Example 1: unzip a jar file to output dir
unzip classes.jar -d classes
Example 2: extract all files except joe from zipfile data1.zip
unzip data1 -x joe
Example 3: send contents of foo.zip via pipe into program more
unzip -p foo | more
Example 4: quietly replace existing ReadMe if archive file newer
unzip -fo foo ReadMe
- find
Example 1: find file app.properties from current directory
find ./ - name 'app.properties'
Example 2: find file start with app from current directory
find ./ - name 'app*'
Example 3: find file start with app from directory /home/david
find /home/david - name 'app*'
- cd - Change directory. This lets you navigate to different directories (folders).
- cd Documents
- go into a subdirectory (of the current directory) named "Documents"
- cd Documents/temp
- go into "Documents", then from there into a subdirectory named "temp"
- cd ..
- go up to the parent of the current directory
- cd ../..
- go up two levels, to the parent's parent
- cd /
- go to the top of the boot volume
- cd /Users
- go to the top of the boot volume, then into the top-level directory named "Users"
- cd ~
- go to your home directory (note: that's a tilde, not a dash)
- cd ~/Documents
- go to your home directory, then into your "Documents" directory
- cd '/Applications (MacOS 9)'
- go to the of the boot volume, then into the top-level directory named "Applications (MacOS 9)". The quote marks tell the shell (command interpreter) to ignore the special characters (spaces and parentheses) in the directory name that would otherwise confuse it.
- cd -
- go back to the previous directory
- pwd - Print working directory. This prints the path of the current working directory
- ls - List the files in the current directory, and (optionally) their characteristics.
- ls
- list just the names of the files in the current directory
- ls -l
- (long) list the files with their characteristics (size, privs, owner, etc)
- ls -lo
- list the files with their flags (see chflags) in addition to the usual characteristics -l shows
- ls -a
- list all files in the current directory (including those that would normally be invisible)
- ls -F
- list filenames with a special character at the end that tells you what kind of file it is ("/" for directory, "*" for unix executable, "@" for alias/symlink, etc)
- ls *.jpg
- list the names of all files with names ending in ".jpg"
- ls a*
- list the names of all files with names beginning with "a"
- ls *att*
- list the names of all files with names containing "att"
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